The Lumberyard - for model shipwrights

The time has come to plank, your ship model hull. You have the bulkheads correctly set up on the keel and faired down 008 Model Planking Building Hull Ship Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 so that the planks will lie flat against.

And there on your bench is all that beautiful hardwood just model ship building hull planking 008 for assembly into the Planking Building 008 Ship Model Hull Ship Model 008 Planking Building Hull Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 fine curves of your ship. Where do you go from there? You have a choice dictated by the amount of detail you wish to build into your model.

Clearly the more detailed the model, the more work it represents. Some experienced modelers are so passionately committed to impeccable precision, they make parts that cannot be seen by the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 human eye. Other diehards model every timber in a real ship's framing-many hundreds of finely finished pieces-only to cover up all this work with planking, hiding it from view forever. The satisfaction, for them, comes from having done it, rather than having their workmanship seen.

The majority of modelers, however, consider detail beyond the model ship building hull planking 008 of human perception as not worth the effort. They build models to be seen and appreciated as works of art, and not to model ship building hull Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Planking Model Building 008 Hull Ship Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 planking 008 that it is possible to engrave the Declaration of Independence on the head of a pin.

This booklet describes two approaches to the job of planking. One is more simple and less detailed; the other is more complex in that it conforms with actual full scale shipbuilding practice.

It is up to you to decide how far you want to go between the extremes. Planking Model Ships.

Main point:

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For larger models it is wise to make a working base as shown Figure 1. This will help to ensure the keel does Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 not become distorted. Cut the slots in the keel supports to correspond with the bulkhead frames. It is very important to ensure the bulkhead frames are fitted and fixed square Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Hull Model 008 Building Ship Planking to keel.

The next step is to fit any bow blocks and stern blocks if the model has them. Both of these parts will be on the 4mm plywood sheet. The bow blocks are fitted and glued in place either side of the keel at the bow and in front of the first bulkhead frame�see Photo 5. These Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 blocks will provide a larger surface area on which to fix the planks at the bow. The stern blocks are fitted and glued in place either side of the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 keel at the stern between the last bulkhead frame and the transom�see Photo 6.

These blocks are used to provide a larger surface area on which to fix the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 planks at the stern and give added strength to the stern area. The next step is to fit and fix the false deck to the hull skeleton. The false deck Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model 008 Building Ship Hull Planking is part of the 2mm plywood sheet. Fitting the false deck at this stage will provide added strength to the whole hull structure.

After the bulkhead frames have all Model Ship Hull Building 008 Planking Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Hull Planking 008 Building Ship Model been squared to the keel and glued in place and the glue has set it is now time to prepare the bulkhead frames for planking. Take one of the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Ship Model Hull Building Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 first layer planks that will be used and lay it across the bulkhead frames. You will see that at the bow the plank does not touch the full face Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 of the bulkhead frame�see Photo 9.

The same is the case at the stern�see Photo Across the mid-ship bulkhead frames the plank will lay flat on the bulkhead frames. It Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 is most important that the planks lay flat on the full face of each bulkhead frame to firstly, allow a strong bond between planks and bulkhead frames to be made and secondly, to ensure there are no bumps or hollows in the hull surface when planked.

The tools you will need to prepare the bulkhead frames for planking 008 Ship Model Building Planking Hull are a good file�one face flat and the other face half round and a sanding block block of wood with coarse sandpaper glued to it. You will use these Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 to bevel the face of the bulkhead frames to ensure the planks rest of the full face of the bulkhead frames and not just a sharp leading or trailing edge.

As you progress use a plank and lay Tools Needed For Model Ship Building Form it over the frames in various positions to check the bevel i. If you do have a hollow spot on Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 008 Planking Ship Model Building Hull Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 one or more frame s it can be built up using slivers of timber glued to the edge of the frame.

Take your time with this process. The next step Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 to consider is the keel at the stern. Pay particular attention to this area. The total thickness of this area must be such that when planked with all layers of planking it is the same thickness at the stern post and rudder. Deadwood Area The area between the bottom edge of the keel and the bottom of the Ship Model 008 Building Hull Planking Building Hull Planking Ship 008 Model bulkhead frames at the stern is known as the deadwood area�See Photo Depending upon the type of ship that is being modelled the deadwood area may be small or Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 large.

The deadwood area will be planked with two layers of planking consistent with the rest of the hull. The stern post and rudder however will only be planked with the second layer of planking. So when the stern post and rudder are eventually fitted there is the need to ensure there is a consistent thickness between stern post, Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 rudder and the stern area of the keel. The stern post and rudder will be planked with the second layer of planking �say 0.

However the keel will be Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 planked with the first layer of planking�say 2mm thick on each side and then planked with the second layer of planking. Clearly when the stern post and rudder are Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 fitted there will be a significant discrepancy between the thickness of the stern area of the keel and the stern post and rudder. To achieve this you will need Hull Building Planking 008 Model Ship Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 to take two steps. Step 1. Before fitting the first layer of planking reduce the thickness of the keel in the area by approximately 1mm on each side�reduce the 008 Model Planking Hull Ship Building Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 keel thickness by about half.

Step 2. Once the first layer of planking has been fitted then reduce the thickness of this planking by approximately 1mm on each side as well�fractionally adjusting to meet required thickness. This will then reduce the total thickness of the keel and first layer of planking in the area to be 4mm thick and Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 thus meeting the requirement for consistency of thickness so that when the second layer of planking is fitted there will be consistency of thickness between the keel and the stern post and rudder.

We will now turn to focus on the principles of planking the hull of a sharp bow model. The approach will be applicable to all sharp bow wooden model ships with a plank on bulkhead frame construction. There are many approaches to planking the hull of a wooden model ship. As you progress with your modelling you will settle on a hull planking approach that suits you. Planking the hull is not technically difficult but it does require some thought and study so that Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Hull Planking Building Model Ship 008 the principles are understood.

It also requires some patience. Once mastered the process is straight forward. It is most important to fit and glue the planks in pairs�one on Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 each side of the hull as this will minimise the chance of the keel being distorted or bent.

On the model you are building spend a few moments with Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 a dressmakers tape measure and measure from the top of the each bulkhead frame around the outside of the frame to the toe of the bulkhead frame where it meets the keel.

From your measurements it will be clear that if you are to fit one plank along the full length of the hull you will need to taper Amati Model Ship Building Tools 10 the planks that fit across the bulkhead frames at the bow of the model. It is assumed that the planks laid across the mid-ship bulkhead frames are at their maximum width. We need to determine how many planks will fit into the area between the top of these bulkhead frames and the keel.

Question: If the width of the planks we are using is 5mm then how many planks will fit across the midship bulkhead frames to cover it completely? These planks laid across the mid-ship frames will not be tapered or reduced in width across these bulkhead frames. As 24 planks will have to fit into this area then the plank width at bulkhead frame 2 will need to be reduced. The question is what will the width of each plank have to be to fit 24 planks into this area?

Question: What is Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 the plank width needed at bulkhead frame 2 if 24 planks have to fit into the area? So the plank wide at bulkhead frame 2 needs to be 3. The Planking Model Hull Building Ship 008 same approach can be applied to determine the plank width at bulkhead frame 3.

You will recall that the area between the bottom edge of the keel and the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 bottom of the bulkhead frames at the stern is known as the deadwood area.

The use of stealers or wedges will be dealt with later. We will now focus Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 on applying the principles of hull planking.

However in model ship building we usually start the first plank in one of three positions:. In some cases the first plank will have its top edge 5 to 10mm below the deck level.

This is done to facilitate the construction of bulwarks at a later stage but in any case Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 it will be parallel to the line of the deck. Many models that feature below deck open gunports, will require the first plank to follow the line of the gunports and it will run immediately above or below a row of gunports.

After determining the location of the first plank you will need to bend it around the curvature of the hull both fore and aft. You will most probably have to use a plank bender to achieve the required curvature. Take one of the planks to be Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Building 008 Hull Ship Planking Model used and place it in position. Gently spring the plank around the bow. At the point where the plank starts to bend�mark this as point A�Photo Next gently spring Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship 008 Hull Planking Building the plank around the stern.

At the point where the plank starts to bend mark this as point B�Photo We are going to be very systematic in our preparation Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 for planking. Take another plank and transfer these two points on to it. On each plank mark an arrow pointing towards the bow. We will do this for all the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 planks we prepare. We will also make all planks in pairs. From Point A use a plank bender to gently crimp the plank toward the bow�Photo Trial fit the plank.

If needed use the plank bender again by gently crimping between the previous crimps. This will increase the curvature of the plank. Repeat this process until you are satisfied with the plank curvature. From Point B use a plank bender to gently crimp the plank toward the stern�Photo If needed use the plank bender again but gently Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 crimp between the previous crimps.

Now that you have shaped the first plank it is now time to fit it in position. Note again that the first plank will Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 not be tapered. Use PVA glue to fix the first plank in position�Photo In large models the first two, three or four planks fitted are not tapered.

For the Mermaid Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Hull Model 008 Planking Ship Building the first plank is glued in placed 4mm below the top of each bulkhead frame. This is done to allow a bulwark to be fitted later. Some models have bulkhead frames that rise above the deck level. These are called the bulkhead horns. If your model has bulkhead frame horns you will first need to fit the false Hull Building Model Planking 008 Ship Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 deck before starting your planking.

Fitting the false deck will add strength to the whole hull. You will start to plank the hull at or near the deck level. However, Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 once you have finished planking the hull below the deck you will need to plank above the deck line over the horns. You will need to remove the horns later to plank the deck fully so it is important to ensure that as you plank over the horns the planks are not glued to the horns.

To ensure Ship Building Planking 008 Model Hull this you will need to place sticky tape over the horns. The timber patterns were the Station shapes and had marks to define the intermediate frame shapes.

If there Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 were 20 stations and 80 bends - frames - there would have been 20 sets of patterns made for the actual ship. For a model, we have been making patterns. It would probably have been crazy making to have tried to have used an angle jig with a plumb line to erect the frames.

Large ships were not Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 usually designed to have much if any drag. The captain and sailing master? Smaller craft schooners - sloops - etc tended to be the ones that could have had Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 significant drag. The scantlings were less, so a sloped keel on the ways would be easier to build. The sides of the ports were defined the frames. With a significant Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 drag and the frames erected perpendicular to the keel, the angle of the sides of the ports would have been It would have been a laughing stock.

As an Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Ship 008 Model Hull Planking Building aside, the ports sills and lintels followed the sheer of the deck. The gun trucks rolled on an angled deck the farther aft or fore was the port. I'm afraid I have to contradict you.

Look at this contemporary plan of a vessel with considerable drag:. As you can see, the frames are at right angles to Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 the keel, not the waterline. There are many other similar archival examples. This is not unique. Wooden ships were built on keel blocks set up on a slight slope. Maritime Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 history researcher Eric Ronnberg says that this slope was typically 3 degrees.

William Carothers reinforces this conclusion in his book on American Packet Ships. He explains a procedure where Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 a setoff dimension was calculated for each frame. With the plumb bob landing on this calculated distance from the frame heel the shipwrights would know that the frame was vertically square with the keel. He then goes on to say that ships were not always built with the frames arranged vertically square to the keel.

He points out Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 that a great advantage of side launching is that it allows construction on a level area, unlike ships built elsewhere. While I am confident that ships in American coastal yards were built on a declivity and not jacked up before launching, the question of disposition of frames relative to the keel is not clear.

The jacking that did Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 take place immediately prior to launch was only to transfer the weight of the vessel to the launch cradles. These boats were built with considerable drag. The stations on the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 lines drawing are not drawn square to the keel. Without actually going through the process with pencil and paper I have been unable to follow it.

As far as American Practice goes, many of the lines drawings by Howard Chapelle were either developed from half models or by the British measuring captured American ships. Many half models do Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 not show station lines, and British techniques for taking off lines in a dry dock would not necessarily capture actual disposition of frames. Chapelle, therefore, drew his lines to illustrate the development of American hull forms, not necessarily to illustrate exact construction techniques.

This is an important topic as more and more ship modelers want to build models that display actual construction. Hopefully this thread will inspire more discussion. The construction should follow the plans. If a frame is meant to be perpendicular to the keel. Even a few degrees off in a long frame will lead to problems.

The shipwrights would need to think of a way to get the ship to water but keeping the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 frames as per plans-perpendicular to the keel. EDIT: or perpendicular to the waterline like my current boat that has a sloping keel or whatever the plans show. Taking the Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 contemporary launching plan from Frederic H. Chapman's "Architectura Navalis Mercatoria " as a valid pattern I see the frames mounted in right angle 90 degree to the keel timber.Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008

In the ship plans of this first scientific naval architect the frames are always shown at right angles to the keel even with ships having an extreme difference of Ship 008 Planking Building Model Hull Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 Model Hull Ship Building Planking 008 Model Ship Building Hull Planking 008 drought between stern and bow. You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account. Paste as plain text instead.

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