NCERT Books for Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics Free PDF Download
Of the countrys total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per ncerh people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.
Remaining one per dmocratic of the Belgians speak German. The 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch- speaking. The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live was resented by 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
This led to tensions 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the s and s. The tension between the two communities 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live was more acute in Brussels.
Democatic presented a special problem: the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live country, but pokitics minority in the capital. Sri Lanka an island democrattic, just a few kilometres off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu. It has about two crore people, about the same as in Haryana.
Major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers 74 per cent and the Tamil-speakers 18 per cent. Among Tamils there 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live are two sub- groups.
Tamil natives of the country are called Sri Lankan Tamils 13 per cent. The 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period, are called Indian Tamils. Sri Lankan Poliitcs are concentrated in the north and east of the country. 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live live are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
In Belgium, 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live Dutch community could 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live advantage poliitics its numeric majority and force its will on the French and German-speaking population.
This would push polirics conflict among 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live communities. This could lead to a very messy ljve of the country; both the sides would claim control over Brussels.
In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community enjoyed an even bigger majority and could impose its 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live will on the entire country. Now, let us look at what happened in both these countries. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in The 1th of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their 10t.
Inan Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of Democratic Live 10th 2 Pdf Ncert Politics alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
They felt that none of the major political parties led by 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were pplitics to their language and culture. Rajesh Nayak. Democratic Politics Part-II -NCERT-Class-X They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal odf rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests.
As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil 10th Democratic Pdf Ncert Politics Live 2 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education democratuc jobs.
But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By s several political organisations 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam state in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. As a result thousands of people of both the communities have been killed.
Many families wereforced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods. Accommodation in Belgium The Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live and cultural diversities. Between andthey amended their constitution 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live times so as 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.
The 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live arrangement they wor ked democraic is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model: Constitution prescribes that the oplitics of Dutch poolitics French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
Many powers of the central government have Live 10th Democratic Pdf Politics Ncert 2 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The Pdf Democratic Live Ncert 10th Politics 2 French- speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
Apart from the Central and the Lkve Government, there is a third kind of government. This community government is elected by people belonging to 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live language 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live community Dutch, French and German-speaking no matter where they live.
This government has the power regarding cultural, educational 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live and language-related issues You might find the Belgian model polotics complicated. It indeed is very complicated, even for 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live people living in Belgium. But these arrangements have worked well so far. They helped to avoid civic strife 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live between the two major communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. When many 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live countries of Europe came together to form the European Union, Brussels was chosen as its headquarters Why power 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live sharing is desirable?
Firstly, power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political lve, power sharing is a good 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live Democratic Politics 10th Ncert Live 2 Pdf way to ensure the stability of political order.
Imposing the will of majority community over others may look 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation. Domination of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority; it often brings ruin 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live to the majority as well there is 10ty second, deeper reason why power sharing is good for democracies. Power sharing is the very spirit of democrac y. People have a right to be consulted on how 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live Pdf Politics Live 10th 2 Ncert Democratic they are to be governed.
A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the. Forms of powersharing The idea of power sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided political power. For a long time it was believed that all power of a government must reside 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live in one person or group of persons located at one place.
It was felt that if the 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce.
But 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live these notions have changed with the emergence 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live democracy. One basic principle 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live of democracy is that people are the source of democartic political power. In a democracy, people rule 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live Democratic Ncert 2 Politics Live 10th Pdf 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live themselves through institutions of self-governance. In a good democraticgovernment, due respect is given to diverse groups and polirics 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.
Therefore, it follows that in a democracy politicalpower should be distributed among as cemocratic citizens as possible. In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms. Let us look at some of the most common arrangements that we have or will come. Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live Politics 10th Live Democratic Ncert Pdf 2 and judiciary. Horizontal distribution of power because it allowsdifferent organs of government placed at the democratkc level to exercise different powers.
Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the. This results in dsmocratic balance 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live power among variousinstitutions. In a politucs, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies.
Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system llve checks and balances.
Power can be 10th ncert democratic politics 2 pdf live among governments at different levels a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government.
In India, we refer to it as the Central or Union Government Ncert Pdf Politics Live 10th Democratic 2 The governments at the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries.
In India we call them State Governments. This system is not followed in all countries. There are many countries where there are no provincial or state governments. But in those countries like ours, where there are different levels of government, the constitution politcis lays down the powers poiltics different levels of government.
This is what 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live they did in Belgium, but was refused in Sri Lanka. This is called federal division of power. The 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live same principle can be extended to levels of government lower than the State government, such as the municipality and panchayat.
Let us call division of powers involving higher and lower levels of government ver tical 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live division of power. We shall study these at some length in the next chapter 3 Power may 2 Live Pdf Politics Democratic 10th Ncert also be shared among different social Ncert 10th Standard Maths Book Pdf Result groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. The 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live 10th Ncert Democratic Politics 2 Pdf Live ng> system of reserved constituencies in assemblies and the parliament of our country. This type of ;olitics is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel aliena ted from the government.
This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in democrati. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power.
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